Evaluating the Effects of Flooding Stress during Multiple Growth Stages in Soybean

Flooding is becoming an increasing concern for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production worldwide due to the sensitivity of most cultivars grown today flood stress. can stunt plant growth and limit yield, causing significant economic loss. One sustainable approach improve performance under stress develop flood-tolerant cultivars. This study was conducted evaluate genotypes response at three critical stages production—germination, early vegetative (V1 V4), reproductive (R1). The results demonstrated that imposed by flooding significantly affected yield each stage studied. average germination rate over various treatments ranged from 95% 46%. Despite poor rates after extended treatments, maintained a >80% 8 h flooding. susceptible lower, ranging 58–63%. Imposing V1 V4 also resulted in differences between tolerant genotypes. Genotypes with highest level tolerance continually outperformed 30% decrease foliar damage based on visual scoring 10% increase biomass. 25% higher compared These suggest breeding resiliency during crucial conditions. In addition, developed this research be used as stock further make improvements soybean.